How ecology surveys can keep your railway project on track

A critical tool in achieving this balance are ecology surveys. They ensure railway projects comply with legislation, protect biodiversity, all while helping grow public confidence.

Why ecology surveys matter

In the UK, railway corridors often cut through ecologically sensitive areas, such as, woodlands, wetlands, grasslands and protected habitats. These landscapes often play host to a diverse range of species, some of which are legally protected under UK and EU conservation laws.

Network Rail owns or manages over 500 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) across the rail network, and without proper ecological assessment, construction or maintenance work could unintentionally harm wildlife, leading to project delays, legal action, and reputational damage.

Ecology surveys provide Network Rail, train operators, developers and engineers with the insight needed in order for them to move forward responsibly. From identifying the presence of protected species like bats, badgers, great crested newts, and nesting birds, to mapping out valuable habitats, these surveys form the foundation for environmental mitigation strategies.

What types of ecology surveys are there?

Depending on the scope of the railway project, a range of ecology surveys may be required:

• Preliminary Ecological Appraisals (PEAs): The first step in assessing ecological condition, the aim of PEAs it to identify potential constraints early in the planning phase
• Phase 1 Habitat Surveys: A broad overview of habitats present, used to inform further targeted studies – the important foundational step for any future work
• Protected Species Surveys: Detailed investigations to confirm the presence or absence of species such as bats, nesting birds, otters, dormice, or reptiles
• Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) Assessments: Increasingly important for demonstrating that a project enhances rather than diminishes biodiversity - Network Rail put a target in place of no net loss from 2024, and to provide an overall net gain by 2035
• Invasive Non-Native Species Assessments: While the rail network provides an extensive interconnected habitat across the UK, it unfortunately provides an effective corridor for the spread of invasive non-native species, such as Japanese Knotweed and Himalayan Balsam that can cause significant ecological damage. An effective strategy for control is essential for managing the spread of such species across the network

Planning is everything

Ecology surveys are subject to seasonal constraints - certain species can only be detected at specific times of the year. Failing to plan for these windows can cause a significant impact on projects, both financially and timewise. That’s why early engagement with experienced ecologists is crucial.

It helps to avoid unexpected fines, redesigns, or rework, and helps to demonstrate safe and proper environmental stewardship to regulators and the public.

By aligning ecological assessments with project timelines, developers can avoid costly hold-ups and ensure compliance from the initial outset.

How can SOCOTEC help?

The ecology service at SOCOTEC has a proven track record, with over a decade of carrying out surveys on depot and on wider infrastructure from on-site surveys to extensive linear appraisals along track sections. This places the SOCOTEC experts at the forefront of the sector, and makes us ready to deliver compliant, and actionable ecological insights tailored to the rail industry.

Get in touch today with us today to ensure your railway project runs smoothly - without derailing your environmental commitments.

Save the Date

On 20^th November 2025, SOCOTEC’s Rail Environment Forum will take place at the London Transport Museum in Covent Garden. Further details will follow in September, regarding topics to be covered this year.